Friday, January 24, 2020
Henri Matisse Essay -- Art Artisit
Henri Matisse      Henri Matisse was born December 31st, 1869 to two storeowners, Emile and Heloise Matisse. His father wanted him to be a lawyer, so later on in life he could takeover the family business. They sent him to Henri Martin Grammar School where he studied to be a lawyer. There was a hint of artist in Henri because while working as a lawyer’s assistant he took up a drawing course (Essers 7). It was for curtain design but it seemed to be destiny for a lawyer’s assistant to take up such a distant hobby as drawing.      At the age of 21, his intestinal operation led to appendicitis. Henri was on bed rest for most of 1890 and to help him occupy his time, his mother bought him a set of paints. That was the turning point in Henri’s life. He decided to give up his career in law for a career in art. Matisse himself said, â€Å"It was as if I had been called. Henceforth I did not lead my life. It led me†(Getlein 80). Soon after, Henri began to take classes at the Academie Julian to prepare himself for the entrance examination at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (Essers 7). Henri failed his first attempt, leading to his departure from the Academie. He then enrolled at the Ecole des Arts decoratifs and that is where his friendship with Albert Marquet began. They started working alongside of Gustave Moreau, a distinguished teacher at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, even though they had not been accepted (Essers 12). In 1895, Henri finally passed the Beaux-Arts entrance examination and his pa thway to his new career choice had officially begun.                                                        Henri studied under Moreau at the Beaux-Arts. Moreau obviously impressed with his student, told him, â€Å"You were born to simplify painting†(Getlein 80). It was at the Beaux-Arts where he met another Moreau student named Derain. Matisse and Derain would grow to become friends and future trendsetters.      During a visit to Brittany, Matisse discovered Impressionism (Essers 8). The works of Cezanne and Van Gogh influenced him. When he returned, he exhibited his first painting, Dinner Table, in 1897. This was his first painting of impressionistic style. Matisse’s art began to concentrate on landscapes, still life, and domestic interiors. Still life is a theme Henri would follow for the rest of his career.      Henri tried to return to the Beaux-Arts after the release of Dinner T... ...g, but not what he meant. Was it supposed to be taken as seen or is their hidden meaning behind the scenes?      The iconography of the picture could represent art in the view of the fauvists. Fauvists wanted to be free from tradition and natural colors. They wanted to be free to explore their world of colors as they saw fit. Fauvists and expressionists did not like to be held to strict rules when it came to painting. It could be that Le Bonheur de Vivre was a state in which they where trying to reach, but in reality could get never get there. On the other hand, could it be a place where they could only reach in their dreams? Critics have struggled with the interpretation of Matisse’s painting since the first display. That may have been Matisse’s meaning after all.                                                        Bibliography Essers, Volkmar. Henri Matisse, 1869-1954: Master of Colour. Taschen: Koln, 1987. Flam, Jack. Matisse: The Dance. National Gallery of Art: Washington D.C., 1993. Flam, Jack. Matisse: The Man and His Art, 1869-1918. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, 1986. Getlein, Mark. Gilbert’s Living With Art: Sixth Ed. McGraw Hill: New York, 2002.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
etitioner Leegin Creative Leather Products
Petitioner Leegin Creative Leather Products, a manufacturer of women’s accessories under the brand name Brighton, entered into a vertical minimum price agreements with its retailer, which includes herein respondent, PSKS, Inc. Petitioner avers that such price agreements intend to encourage competition among retailers in the areas of customer service and product promotion. However, herein respondent discounted Leegin products below their prescribed minimum price. After being dropped by Leegin as one of its retailers, PSKS filed a lawsuit, arguing that Leegin violates Section 1 of the Sherman Act by engaging in anticompetitive price fixing.The District Court decided in favor of PSKS citing Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co. , which held that mandatory price agreements are per se illegal under the Sherman Act. Petitioner, in an appeal to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued that this rule was based on outdated economics and contended that a the à ¢â‚¬Å"rule of reason†is a better legal analysis. Petitioner further claimed that price minimums will only be held illegal when proven to be anticompetitive.The appellate court ruled in favor of the district court hence, this petition for certiorari. ISSUE: Is it per se illegal for a manufacturer to set mandatory minimum prices for its products? RULE: No, it is not illegal for a manufacturer to set mandatory minimum prices for its products. Section 1 of the Sherman Act prohibits â€Å"[e]very contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States. †This provision only prohibits unreasonable restraints in trade or commerce. REASONING:The Court reasoned that Section 1 of said Act outlaws only unreasonable restraints. It further ruled that the Dr. Miles case should be overruled and that vertical price restraints are to be judged by the rule of reason. The Court, through economic literature, averre d that vertical minimum price agreements are rarely anticompetitive and can often function to increase inter-brand competition. The Court further argued that instances where the price agreements are abused for anticompetitive reasons can be judged on a case-to-case basis under the rule of reason.In overruling the Dr. Miles case, the Court held that the Sherman Act must be treated as a common law statute, which should be allowed to evolve in courts as economic circumstances change. DECISION: The Supreme Court ruled for Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. The Supreme Court overruled the decision in the Dr. Miles case. It further ruled that in cases where vertical price restraints are involved, the rule of reason should be applied. I agree with the decision of the Supreme Court favoring Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. The decision in Dr.Miles was based on reasoning and economic assumptions that predate and conflict with modern economic theory. It was never shown in court that setting retail price minimums is anticompetitive. Further, retail price minimums have no absolute economic effect. In order to assess the anticompetitive tendencies of price minimums, the rule of reason must be employed. The Supreme Court, in the case at bar, employed the rule of reason in order to determine whether the actions taken by Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc would hurt the economy. Hence, vertical price restraints should be judged by the rule of reason.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Social Justice for Homeless Associations - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1762 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Justice Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Inspired by Dr. OConnells social justice commitment along with his written stories, titled Stories from the Shadows, this paper will explore the importance and compulsoriness to treat homelessness as a social justice issue to solve homelessness problem in America. While being homeless was traditionally viewed as a personal failure and personal inequality, through the stories written in the book, readers can see that the most marginalized people were inherently disadvantaged under social, cultural, economic and political conditions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Justice for Homeless Associations" essay for you Create order They are elderly people, disabled people, people with mental disease and people with traumatic, abused histories, etc. Individual efforts from charity organizations such can only temporarily relieve some hard conditions of the homelessness population. The measures that structurally address the social determinants of homelessness are recommended, and the governmental and political responsibilities are emphasized in this paper. Expansion of affordable housing and establishment of federal housing assistance programs and solutions to alcohol and substance abuse epidemic in America are especially essential to solve homelessness problem in the long-term. Social Justice for Homeless Community Introduction Stories from the Shadows is collection of short stories about homeless people in Boston, written by Dr. OConnell, who treats and advocates for people of the streets of Boston for over 30 years as a street physician. People in the books are victims of rotten childhood, victims of family abuse, victims of mental illness, victims of substance abuse disorder, victims of violence, victims of old age, victims of unemployment, victims of learning disability, etc. They struggle to survive, battle for hope, build up resilience and optimism under the worst conditions. At the same time, gifted, compassionate and empathic healthcare providers, hospitals and shelters work together to treat and care these people at no cost. However, most of these people did not have a happy ending after treatments. In most cases, they were discharged directly to the streets and then they were brought back to hospitals again. The circle of hospital and street was unceasing until they died. Although the book does not offer solution to solve the homeless problem, the author expresses his opinion that caring the homeless people is a commitment to social justice, not charity. This paper is inspired by the authors social justice commitment and stories of the homeless community and explores the importance, compulsoriness to treat homelessness as a social justice issue to solve homelessness problem as well as interventions to prevent the homelessness in the long run. Social Determinants of Homelessness Social determinants play an important role in the production of homelessness. We traditionally view the homelessness as a personal failure and personal inequality, and claims it takes saints to give them help. However, through the stories written in the book, readers can see how the most marginalized population were not born equally and how the life did not deal those people equally. Besides personal circumstances, homelessness in America is mostly caused by social inequality and system inadequacies, such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, failure of social support system, failure of pain management and pain medication prescription system. First, poverty is the basic cause of homelessness. Most characters in the book were poor. Poverty significantly damages them physiologically, psychologically, behaviorally, and socially, and makes it hard for them to become secure financially. When children are born to poor parents and live in unhealthy living conditions, such as toxic exposure of mold, lead or other environmental pollution, poor nutrition, exposure to violence, and parental insecurity, they have suboptimal cognitive, emotional and behavioral development, which leads to poor school performance and low education attainment and thus poor job prospects as an adult (Harkness DeMarco, 2016). Poverty also put them at higher risk for unhealthy behaviors, which make them more vulnerable to alcohol, drugs and violence (Harkness DeMarco, 2016). Poverty makes the poor poorer, the vulnerable more vulnerable. Secondly, the lack of affordable housing and housing assistance programs directly causes some of the homelessness problems. The lack of governmental housing support is well evidenced in the book. Some people were forced to the streets because they were the most disadvantaged and have nowhere but the streets to live in. Some used to have stable place to live at but were also forced to live on the streets when they experience personal crises due to the lack of emergent housing assistance. This usually happens when divorce, domestic abuse, the onset of acute or chronic diseases and pain, or an addiction challenge is involved, and they have no other resources to turn to for help. They are forced to give up their house or get evicted from the rented apartment because housing cost takes a big portion of their income and they must spare housing expense for more critical and urgent needs, such as food and clothing. After they are thrown into the streets, being homelessness will worsen their previous problems. They unfortunately became chronically homeless. Third, alcoholism and substance abuse accelerate and worsen the production of homelessness. There is a stereotype that people are homeless because they are alcoholics or drug addicts. In the book, we do find a high percentage of homeless population have addictive disorder. But addictive disorder and homelessness are both causes and effects of each other. For homeless people, alcohol or substance are like nectar and nemesis (OConnell, 2015, p. 148). On the one hand, alcohol or substance destroy their relationship, damage their health and jeopardize their job, and subsequently cause them to lose housing; on the other hand, people in the streets use drugs to self-medicate themselves for pain and they also use drugs to cope stress and depression. Homelessness cannot be conquered without solving the alcoholism and substance abuse disorder. In conclusion, the production of homelessness reflects a complicated interaction between social environments, systems failures, and individual circumstances. Homelessness, poverty and sustenance abuse are inextricably twisted. Few people can do better if he/she face the same situations under same living environments and similar health conditions. It is time to stop blaming individuals and it is time to face it as a social justice issue. Asset The Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP), where Dr. O Connell practices, was born 30 years ago, and became the largest and most comprehensive homeless program in America, serving 12,000 people and have 400 full-time employees. Health care providers there are dedicated to the welfare and justice of homeless people (O Connell, 2015). BHCHP not only demonstrates to the public the imperatives to solve the homeless problem in America but also provide precious lessons and enormous experiences on how to take care of the homeless people efficiently. Interventions to Homelessness Just as California Newsreel claimed that social problems have significant effect on both peoples life and peoples organs (2008), most of the homelessness can be traced to unequal economic and social statuses, and are systemic and avoidable and thus inherently unjust and unfair (California Newsreel, 2008). If we perceive homelessness as an issue of social injustice, then the solution to it will be obvious: we need broader interventions that not limited on the individual level efforts such as giving away blankets in the cold winter, offering free hot meals on holidays, and the society and government must take responsibilities to address the problems structurally and systematically at the all levels. The most direct solution to end homelessness is the expansion of affordable housing and federal housing assistance programs. First, more government funding is needed for the existing programs. According to the National Low-Income Housing Coalition, among those eligible for federal housing assistance, only 25% households receive assistance, and only three affordable rentals available on the market per ten households in extremely need (2018), which is far behind demands. Prevention of homelessness is important, or it will cost the governments more money indirectly through medical bills and shelters management costs. Second, the governments may consider offering low-income housing voucher to reduce the gap between rental cost and income so that people who work can afford a place to live in. In addition, governments can offer emergency housing assistance for those people in urgent needs. Emergency housing assistance can prevent people from becoming homeless at the first place. Finally, stable housing- first policy for homeless community will help reduce the case of chronic homelessness. We read from the book that some people keep trying to stay sober for several months and show huge resilience and optimism. However, after they go back to unstable environment, they start to use alcohol to solve their problems again. Dr. O Connell stated that according to the Medicaid report, 119 homeless individuals visit emergency room for 18384 times in a five- year period (2015). Dr. O Connell claimed that the main reason for readmission is that homeless people were discharged to the streets because no stable place was offered after they released from the hospital or detoxification center. The other important method to solve homelessness problem is to solve alcohol and substance abuse epidemic. One critical time for preventing alcohol abuse and drug addiction is during adolescence (NIH,2018). Thus, it is essential that the school, community and society provide intensive alcohol and substance abuse teaching, counseling, and consultation among children and adolescent on regular basis along with social resources to help young people cope with a variety of life stresses. In America, increased prescription pain medications also have contributed dramatically to the epidemic of substance use disorder (NIH, 2018). Thus, stricter federal regulations are needed to overwatch pain medication prescription. For example, all the patients should be informed the risk of addiction and sign the consent form that educates about risks of the opioid pain medication has been given and understood before prescription; all the pain medications must be prescribed through network database to prev ent patients from shopping around; only special trained pain specialists can prescribe opioids. Conclusion Stories from the Shadow calls for a shift in thinking about homelessness from the view of personal inadequacy to social injustice. Poverty, lack of social support system, especially housing assistant system, alcoholism and substance abuse epidemic in America all largely contribute to the production of homelessness. Subsequently, in order to solve homelessness, social and governmental level interventions rather than individual-focused case management are justified. Strategies to end homelessness include expansion of governmental affordable housing program, initiation of housing voucher and establishment of emergency housing assistant system for poor people, and creation of stable place for the homeless community. Measures to fight against alcoholism and substance abuse epidemic are also essential, which include primary prevention among young people through education, counseling, and consultation, and which also requires public surveillance of opioid prescription. The society has paid price for the neglect of homelessness and it is time to face it.
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